Discuss these topics and give examples from everyday life! 1.StereotypeA stereotype is an oversimplified, generalized belief about a particular group of people. Stereotypes can be positive or negative, but they usually ignore individual differences. For example, saying “all teenagers are irresponsible” is a stereotype because it makes a broad generalization about a diverse group.2.BiasBias is a tendency to favor or lean toward a certain perspective, often unconsciously. Bias can be influenced by stereotypes and is not always negative, but it can affect judgments and decisions in ways that are unfair. For example, if a teacher believes boys are better at math, they may give more attention to male students, demonstrating a gender bias.3.PrejudicePrejudice is a preconceived opinion or attitude toward a person or group, usually negative, and not based on actual experience or knowledge. Prejudice often involves rigid beliefs and stereotypes. An example would be assuming someone is dishonest simply because of their ethnic background.4.DiscriminationDiscrimination is the behavior or actions, often unfair or harmful, directed toward an individual or group based on prejudice. Discrimination can manifest in various ways, such as denying someone a job because of their race or gender, or treating someone differently based on their sexual orientation.5.RacismRacism is a system of advantage based on race that often includes prejudiced attitudes, discriminatory actions, and institutional power structures that reinforce inequality. It goes beyond individual prejudice and discrimination, embedding biases into societal systems (like law, education, or employment) to benefit one race over others. For instance, systemic racism in housing policies historically restricted minorities from certain neighborhoods, affecting generational wealth and opportunities.3.Institutional RacismInstitutional racism is when policies, laws, and practices within institutions—such as schools, workplaces, the justice system, and healthcare—systematically produce racial inequality. This form of racism is not necessarily intentional; it can be embedded in procedures that seem neutral but disproportionately disadvantage certain racial groups. For instance, disparities in school funding and resources in predominantly minority neighborhoods exemplify institutional racism.4.Structural RacismStructural racism (also known as systemic racism) encompasses the cumulative and interconnected effects of racism across multiple institutions and society. It is the combination of institutional practices, historical injustices, and social dynamics that reinforce inequality. For example, housing discrimination, employment gaps, and educational inequalities together create barriers to socioeconomic advancement for certain racial groups.5.Cultural RacismCultural racism occurs when societal beliefs and practices give value to one culture while devaluing others. It can manifest in media, popular culture, language, and norms that privilege one racial group’s customs, language, and values over others. Cultural racism often marginalizes minority cultures by promoting a dominant cultural narrative. An example is the underrepresentation or stereotyping of certain racial groups in media.