Learning objectives for the essay of January 22 You are familiar with the situation in Russia in the early 20th century. I.e. you > can describe Russia's political, social and economic backwardness as a cause for the revolutions to come. > have an informed opinion on Czar Nicholas Il and the way he tried to cope with the forces of change. → can characterize the main opposition parties in Russia (Cadets; Social Revolutionaries; Mensheviks; Bolsheviks) and their main aims and methods. 口 You can explain the main causes and results of the revolutions of February and October 1917. 口 You can present your own reasoned opinion on the role played by Lenin and the Provisional Government in the events letween February and October 1917. ■ You can discuss as to whether the term "revolution" is appropriate to describe the events of February and October 1917. 口 You can explain the main differences between Lenin's revolutionary theory and the teachings of Marx. You can explain the main political and economic measures taken by Lenin and the Bolsheviks in the phase of "War Communism". 口 You can form your own reasoned opinion on the extent to which Lenin implemented the communist ideals in Soviet reality up to 1921 and how any deficits or deviations can be explained.