What was the goal of the Committee of Public Safety? -To supervise food distribution, direct war effort, and root out counterrevolutionaries Who was Maximilien Robespierre? -leader of the Committee of Public Safety -wanted to go beyond stopgap measure and create a "Republic of Virtue", in which, through a massive program of political reeducation -totalitarian dictator -Normally against death penalty, but allowed it for emergencies requiring severe measures (like the Girondins: opposed the committees policies) -terror+virtue=a good government Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:03 / 0:15 Full screen Brainpower Read More What was the Terror? - the policy established under the direction of the Committee of Public Safety during the French revolution to arrest dissidents and execute opponents in order to protect the republic from its enemies -heads lost on guillotine -Deputies were sent to purge unreliable officials and organize war efforts -the justification was that it was the general will of the people Who was Edmund Burke and what were his thoughts in the French Revolution? -A Irish member of British Parliament -Initially supported the revolution -As it became more violent his opinion changed -Published "Reflections on the Revolution in France"(said France would become a dictatorship and anarchic) What was the levee en masse? -military draft/conscription of all able bodied french people -single men: soldiers -married men: blacksmiths -woman: tents, clothes, and hospitals -children: turning lint into linen, errand runners -old men: public square messengers In what ways did the French wars against foreign countries lead to modern nationalism? -La Marseillaise(French Anthem) -placards -posters -pamphlets -paintings -crockery -chamber pots -playing cards -cockade/Phrygian bonnets -new calendar -slogans and symbols -books -engravings -Sculptures(statue of liberty) What ways was France "de-christianized"? - selling and closing of churches -churches=storage -tried to get clerics to forsake their oaths and marry -Notre Dame statues of kings were beheaded -church bells dismantled -church treasure was melted for government use -festivals -French Street names changed -marriage became a civil thing -new French calendar -cult of reason in Notre Dame -education now civil not religious -Women got more rights (like in marriage) What was the Vendee Rebellion? -revolution from peasants due to De-Christianizing -peasants artisans and Weavers joined under Noble leadership forming the "Catholic and Royal Army" -revenge on Republicans What was the Thermidorian Reaction? -backlash of Robespierres policies(he was executed) -The end to the Committee of Public Safety and the end to the Terror -violent backlash and successful efforts of anti-Jacobins in France to roll back the terror and violence after the death of Robespierre What was the name of the new government that followed the White Terror? The Directory-headed by five dictators what did the National Convention do in February 1794, and why did it do this? -Slavery was abolished in French colonies -to help win over the slaves so they would side with the French against the British and Spanish -Followed enlightened ideas Who was Toussaint L'Ouverture? -A former slave who lead the St.Domingue uprising(Hadi) -General for Spain -became a hero to abolitionist everywhere -a potent symbol a black struggles to win freedom Short term and Long term causes of the French Revolution Influence of the American Revolution Short -inspired Enlightenment ideas -influenced other revolutions We have an expert-written solution to this problem! Short term and Long term causes of the French Revolution Political Long -Louis was spoiled and rather hunt than rule, plus he didn't know how to rule, making him a weak king -Marie was criticized for her fashion sense and was indifferent to popular misery(became a nasty propaganda target in the 1780s pamphlets:corn was made of her) Short -3rd estate=no voice -French parliament was dismissed Short term and Long term causes of the French Revolution Intellectual Short -enlightenment ideals and natural right became more attractive Short term and Long term causes of the French Revolution Economics long -Monarchy (or decades) spent millions on lavishness and American revolution(mostly) -no central bank, paper currency, or means of creating credit, so it borrowed from private sources at high rates of interest -Government could only get revenue by raising tax(mostly the 3rd estate taxed [taille, taithe tax]) short -bread price skyrocketed cause bad weather led to less grain -a third or half of commoners income was spent on their diet -more taxes equaled less purchasing power Short term and Long term causes of the French Revolution Social Short -New Noble families (second estate) -nobility and wealthy bourgeois(3rd estate) were similar -enlightenment ideals of a equality and natural rights where more attractive to both the third and second estate as well as capitalistic activities -more criticism of the first and second estate by the third estate -more poor in French cities What percentage of the population was the first estate and how much land did they own? Clergy -1% -owned 10% of the land What percentage of the population was the second estate and how much land did they own? Nobles -2% -owned 25%of the land What percentage of the population was the third estate and how much land did they own? Middle Class, peasants, city workers -97% -owned 65% of land Who are the monarchs at the outset of the French revolution? -Louis XVI -Marie Antoinette what were the most significant pieces of legislation events -declaration of the rights of men and citizens -civil constitution of clergy -August decrees May 5, 1789 What was the effect? The opening of the Estates General at Versailles - Louis opened this to get ideas on how to get money for Frances debt -third estate wanted to vote by population( causing a voting stall) Cahiers de Dolcances June 17, 1789 What was the effect? National Assembly creation -the third state named themselves the National Assembly and anyone who join -each Deputy voted as an individual June 20, 1789 What was the effect? Tennis Court Oath -the deputies were banned/Locked out from their meeting room so they went to the tennis court -deputies swore an oath not to disband until they had given France a constitution that reflected their newly declared authority July 14, 1789 What was the effect? Fall of the Bastille -provoked by Louise(when he put guards out) the third state march to Bastille for guns, gunpowder, and to send a message -100 arm citizens died and eventually officers surrendered -showed the nobles the National Assembly won't go down -Set a model of catastrophic consequences for wronging the common people -also when the modern French flag was made July 19-August 3, 1789 What was the effect? The Great Fear -peasants rioted saying they're starving(their were rumors that nobles did this on purpose) -peasants attacked aristocrats or on the records of peasants seigneurial dues kept in lords castles August 4, 1789 What was the effect? August Decrees -National assembly advocated for abolition of feudal reigns -Noble deputies gave up exemption from tax -Equality of government positions -End of feudalism(no serfs) -no seigneurial dues for lords August 26, 1789 What was the effect? The Declaration of the Rights of Men and Citizen -freedom of religion press, equal tax, equality before law, natural rights -Sparked question of "are slaves and women equal to men?" what was the declaration of the rights of men and citizens main ideas? Everyone is equal Everyone should have freedom(religous, prees, etc) October 5, 1789 What was the effect? Women's march to Versailles -Women went marching to Versailles because they were starving and wanted grain from the king(wanted their voice to be heard and followed) -the king agreed to move his family and government to Paris(that way he couldn't pretend to not hear the people) July 12, 1790 What was the effect? The Civil Constitution of the Clergy -provided that the voters elect their own parish priest and bishops just as they elected officials(made the church more of a state organization) -Church lands and monasteries were closed and sold to make paper money(assignats) June 20, 1791 What was the effect? Flight to Varennes -Royal family try to escaping Paris to Austria -Family was caught after being recognized(due to their faces being on assignats) -this showed the king didn't want to rule -some believed he was gonna take the Austrian army(his brother in laws army) to kill his people September 3, 1791 What was the effect? French constitution completed -provided for the immediate election of a new legislator -religious liberties of clergy were revoked -inflation(because more money was printed) April 21, 1792 What was the effect? Luis declared war on Austria -it's believed he did this too please the third estate -it was a 23 year war(very violent) -Louise planned on sending his troops to their death against Austria and Prussia(so he could escape his people) -nationalism was born What was the effect?(and date) Monarchy Abolished -September 22, 1792 -National Convention abolished the monarchy -first Republic in French history -caused a faction 1.Girondins 2.Mountains January 21, 1793 What was the effect? Louise XVI's Death -Louis sent to guillotine -didn't solve regime's problems and there were more men and money required for war -caused a draft which led to more resistance What was the Estates General? A body of deputies from the third estate of France Who was Olympe de Gouge? Social reformer and writer who challenged conventional views on women rules and rights. Said women were free just like men. What was an assignat? Bills issued as currency by French revolutionary government Who were the Sans-culottes? -Faction within the revolutionaries who were extremely radical -working class men and women -they were gangs who beat up people who didn't believe what they did -known for wearing pants What was the slogan of the French revolution? Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, or Death What were the two factions that emerge from the Jacobins? -Girondins -Mountains Describe the Girondins -resented growing power of Parisian militants and tried to appeal to departments outside Paris -argued for exile of the king instead of execution -considered more moderate than their counterpart Describe the Mountains -sat in the highest seeds of the National Convention -closely allied with Paris militants -argued for the execution of the king instead of exile(their argument won) -considered more radical than their counterpart How did the American Revolution spark the French Revolution? -Started other revolutions -Spread through French Generals who help America(Lafayette) How did you show your support of the French Republic? -by not saying misour or madam(speech needed to be informal)(everyone was equal) -wearing hats and badges Abbey Sieyes Wrote the pamphlet "What is the Third Estate?", which helped to motivate the beginnings of the French Revolution. -3rd estate=everything but has no political voice What did the third state say about men? All men are equal What was the committee of public safeties most important goal? Routing out counter revolutionaries What rights did women have? -divorce -inheriting land -getting education -cannot vote -could not have political clubs(because that lady stabbed a dude) What were the legislative assembly events? -Constitution completed -Louise declared war on Austria What were the national convention events? National convention abolish the monarchy Louis executed What were the governments that France went through? -directory -legislative assembly -National convention -National assembly Who could vote according to the constitution in 1791? Male citizens who paid a certain tax How long has it been since French Parliament was called into session? 175 years Area of resistance to the revolution Vendee What classes where the main victims of the reign of terror Peasants and working class